There is a graet interview with Alice Waters hosted by Charlie Rose. I do strongly recommend it for everybody, who is interested in good food and local farms topics. A Waters is the owner of the restaurant and author of "The art of simple food". She promotes healthy eating movement, which she calls "slow food" in her entire life. She runs also very succesful restaurant"Chez Panisse". In this interview they talk about different approach to food as a part of our everyday life.
http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/8925
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
We should have more urban rooftop farms in New York City.
I do strongly support the idea about we should have more urban farms in New York City. Rooftop farms are becoming more and more popular in the United States. Marian Burros from the New York Times agrees: “A survey by Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, which represents companies that create green roofs, found the number of projects its members had worked on in the United States grew by more than 35 percent last year. In total, the green roofs installed last year cover 6 million to 10 million square feet, the group said”. The idea about green roof movement was known even in Ancient Mesopotamia, which means even ancients knew about the benefits of green roofs. Probably the most famous roof gardens of all time, the fabled Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the World (Osmundsen 112-113).
There are two types of green roof: extensive and intensive. Extensive green roofs consist of low vegetation planted uniformly over the roof. They are the least expensive type of green roof, and are designed primarily to provide environmental and/or visual benefits. Intensive green roofs are essentially roof gardens intended for human use, which consist of a diversity of plants, including shrubs and trees. These roofs generally require
traditional landscape maintenance, infrastructure such as a water collection system, irrigation and fertilization, and provision for access and egress. Table 1 shows difference between intensive and extensive roof.
Table 1: Comparison of Common Features of Extensive and Intensive Roofs (Reducing Urban Heat Islands)
Extensive vs. Intensive
(Low-Profile/Ecoroofs) (High-Profile/Roof Gardens)
• Low growth media: 2 – 6" • > 6"-15" and deeper
• Lightweight: 13 – 50 lbs/sf • Heavier weights: 50+ lbs/sf
• Low growing plants: 1"– 24" H • Trees, shrubs and more
• Less variety of plants: Alpine types, • Huge variety of plant selection/ succulents,
herbs, some grasses architectural features
depending and mosses on loads, design &
budget
• Usually non-accessible and • Designed for human recreation: non-recreational
gardening, socializing, etc.
• Slopes up to 30° & higher • Relatively flat
• Less expensive: $5-$25/sf • More expensive: $25-$40+/sf
• Low water requirements • Irrigation usually necessary
• Low maintenance • Higher maintenance
The idea about installing gardens on the roofs came to America from Europe, where for years government policies have encouraged or required green roofs (Stedman). The reasons why we should have more urban farms are as follows: gardens provide environmental benefits, political incentive, and health benefits (Table 2).
Table 2: Benefit-Cost Elements for Green Roofs (Reducing Urban Heat Islands)
First of all, I would like to concentrate on the beneficial impact of green roofs on the environment. Rooftop gardens provide insulation to the building as plants reflect the heat and the light. Hence, they act as energy conservers. NYC is one of the cities in the United States, where temperatures have risen over the past decade. As a result, it requires
consumption of much more electricity for air conditioners, which leads to increase in air pollution. Green roofs can reduce the temperature. For example, the temperature in the
Minneapolis Central Library building with a green roof registered 92 degrees F, while in a building in its neighborhood without a green roof registered 170 degrees (Macdonagh). As we can see, rooftop gardens can reduce the temperature dramatically. The green roofs absorb the rainwater, by reducing and controlling runoff water. P. Macdonagh give us an example from the Midwestern U.S“…in Midwestern U.S, 75% of the water is retained on a green roof, stored in a plants, and the soil layer, and 25% becomes runoff.” Plants also reduce air pollution by the process of photosynthesis. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. It means the more plants all over the city, the more fresh air we get. Noise isolation is another important factor in environmental protection. Especially for those who live near airports or highways roof gardens can be very helpful. P. Macdonagh says: “These can mean a reduction in indoor sound levels of as much as 40 decibels…” Roof farms can also act like a small bio-reserve for small insects and animals, which otherwise are restricted to their natural habitats in the cities. The last but not least beneficial aspect of roof gardens is enhancing the beauty of the building and the whole city.
Another equally important thing about rooftop farms is the political aspect. Planning a garden requires the involvement of design and engineering professionals to make a successful system in compliance with municipal codes, which is very expensive. For example a comprehensive structural analysis including details about best spots for
heavy plantings, costs a few thousands dollars (Brooks). Moreover, if you want to make a profit and want your farm to become viable business, you need at least a few thousand
square foot roof or a couple of roofs (Burros). However, after I made research, it is clear that New York State is interested in the promotion of these kinds of projects. New York
City offers property tax reduction programs, such as exemptions and abatements. The bill allows building owners who install green roofs on at least 50% at their available roof space to apply for a one-year property tax credit up to 100,000 dollars. That is roughly 25% of what it costs to install a green roof (Hyman). Additionally, having rooftop farm lowers energy costs, decreases runoff water, and reduces respiratory problems. A typical building with a garden on its roof can save around 20% on air conditioner costs (Ettlinger). (Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2. Energy Consumption of Model DDC Building (DDC Cool and Green Roofing Manual)
U.S. Department of Energy offers federal tax credits of up to $1,8 per sq/ft for green buildings project (Powering the New Economy). Cincinnati went even further than New York and started to offer grants for green roofs to encourage people to begin roof gardens ("CBSNEWS"). As we can see, there are many financial factors, which strongly support the idea of green roofs.
One more reason for supporting green roofs is our health. Urban rooftop farming provides fresh, good quality vegetables, and fruits directly from every harvest. Additionally, we cut fuel consumption and carbon emissions by using fewer delivery trucks. Having gardens forces people to exercise while taking care of the gardens. Also it lets people stay outside with nature, which makes them more physically, mentally, and emotionally healthier. There is a 6 thousand square food rooftop farm in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. It is located in my neighborhood, so I decided to visit this place and find out about this unique experiment by personal interview with the owner. I attended workshop “Urban Gardening” led by farmer, and owner of rooftop farm Annie Novak. She told about the idea of green roof and its goal. A. Novak said: “Eagle Street Rooftop Farm as a model for a urban farming movement and the utilization of green roofs in a unique manner, operates a small community supported agriculture (CSA) program, and an onsite farm market…”. Rooftop farm cooperates with “Growing Chefs”, which is an educational program about connection between people and food, from the soil to the kitchen. That is why rooftop farm offers a range of educational and volunteer programs, which give people not only a good example how to use every available space to grow vegetables but also teach people how to maintain it in the most effective way. I spoke with people from my neighborhood about what they think about the farm. They told me they are very pleased to have this kind of initiative in their neighborhood. Many of them go to volunteer there while harvesting time (" Rooftop Farms in Greenpoint, Brooklyn "), (Pic. 1, 2) .However, there is one disadvantage, which can discourage investors to install gardens on the roofs. The owner of a rooftop garden, Annie Novak, told me that insurance companies refuse to insure buildings with green roofs. They affirm that rooftop
gardens threaten buildings’ construction, so they do not want to take financial responsibility for this. Roofs with gardens pass safety inspections by building’s engineers so after that they provide us with instructions how much weight that particular roof can support. Eagle Rooftop Farm can support no more than 25 people. I think insurance companies try to avoid additional expenses, or they are not familiar with this problem.
Based on all the above mentioned points, we can see that rooftop farming provides benefits to wide aspect our everyday life. It creates new opportunity to expand green areas in cities with additional benefits such as fresh locally grown food and energy
savings. Because all of these benefits, I strongly support all pending and future roof projects. I do completely agree with Ken Belson’s statement: “The project, urban farming advocates say, is just the start of something larger” (Table 3).
Table 3:Green Roof Examples in NYC. (DDC Cool and Green Roofing Manual)
recent projects in nyc
Calvary Hospital, Bronx (2002) Intensive
Solaire Residential Building, Manhattan (2003) Intensive (5,000 SF)
Extensive (4,800 SF)
Silvercup Studios, Queens (2003) Extensive (35,000 SF)
Nassau Brewery Ice House Renovation, Brooklyn (2003) Extensive & Intensive
Reingold Gardens Senior Housing, Brooklyn (2004) Extensive (3,000 SF)
Chelsea Residence Supportive Housing, Manhattan (2004) Intensive (5,000 SF)
Calhoun School, Manhattan (2005) Intensive (2,500 SF)
St. George Ferry Terminal, Staten Island (2005) Semi-Intensive (18,000 SF)
Simon Stock School, Bronx (2005) Extensive (3,500 SF)
Tribeca Green, Manhattan (2005) Extensive (11,300 SF)
Bronx County Courthouse, Bronx (2006) Extensive (10,000 SF)
Gratz Industries, Queens (2007) Extensive (8,500 SF)
Queens Botanical Garden, Queens (DDC Project) (2007) Extensive (8,000 SF)
projects in progress in nyc
Kingsbridge Branch Library, Bronx (DDC Project) Extensive (4,500 SF)
Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center, Brooklyn Extensive (8,000 SF)
Mosholu Golf Course Clubhouse, Bronx Extensive (9,000 SF)
Pic. 1 People are volunteering on Eagle Rooftop Farm.
Pic. 2 Eagle Rooftop Farm.
There are two types of green roof: extensive and intensive. Extensive green roofs consist of low vegetation planted uniformly over the roof. They are the least expensive type of green roof, and are designed primarily to provide environmental and/or visual benefits. Intensive green roofs are essentially roof gardens intended for human use, which consist of a diversity of plants, including shrubs and trees. These roofs generally require
traditional landscape maintenance, infrastructure such as a water collection system, irrigation and fertilization, and provision for access and egress. Table 1 shows difference between intensive and extensive roof.
Table 1: Comparison of Common Features of Extensive and Intensive Roofs (Reducing Urban Heat Islands)
Extensive vs. Intensive
(Low-Profile/Ecoroofs) (High-Profile/Roof Gardens)
• Low growth media: 2 – 6" • > 6"-15" and deeper
• Lightweight: 13 – 50 lbs/sf • Heavier weights: 50+ lbs/sf
• Low growing plants: 1"– 24" H • Trees, shrubs and more
• Less variety of plants: Alpine types, • Huge variety of plant selection/ succulents,
herbs, some grasses architectural features
depending and mosses on loads, design &
budget
• Usually non-accessible and • Designed for human recreation: non-recreational
gardening, socializing, etc.
• Slopes up to 30° & higher • Relatively flat
• Less expensive: $5-$25/sf • More expensive: $25-$40+/sf
• Low water requirements • Irrigation usually necessary
• Low maintenance • Higher maintenance
The idea about installing gardens on the roofs came to America from Europe, where for years government policies have encouraged or required green roofs (Stedman). The reasons why we should have more urban farms are as follows: gardens provide environmental benefits, political incentive, and health benefits (Table 2).
Table 2: Benefit-Cost Elements for Green Roofs (Reducing Urban Heat Islands)
First of all, I would like to concentrate on the beneficial impact of green roofs on the environment. Rooftop gardens provide insulation to the building as plants reflect the heat and the light. Hence, they act as energy conservers. NYC is one of the cities in the United States, where temperatures have risen over the past decade. As a result, it requires
consumption of much more electricity for air conditioners, which leads to increase in air pollution. Green roofs can reduce the temperature. For example, the temperature in the
Minneapolis Central Library building with a green roof registered 92 degrees F, while in a building in its neighborhood without a green roof registered 170 degrees (Macdonagh). As we can see, rooftop gardens can reduce the temperature dramatically. The green roofs absorb the rainwater, by reducing and controlling runoff water. P. Macdonagh give us an example from the Midwestern U.S“…in Midwestern U.S, 75% of the water is retained on a green roof, stored in a plants, and the soil layer, and 25% becomes runoff.” Plants also reduce air pollution by the process of photosynthesis. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. It means the more plants all over the city, the more fresh air we get. Noise isolation is another important factor in environmental protection. Especially for those who live near airports or highways roof gardens can be very helpful. P. Macdonagh says: “These can mean a reduction in indoor sound levels of as much as 40 decibels…” Roof farms can also act like a small bio-reserve for small insects and animals, which otherwise are restricted to their natural habitats in the cities. The last but not least beneficial aspect of roof gardens is enhancing the beauty of the building and the whole city.
Another equally important thing about rooftop farms is the political aspect. Planning a garden requires the involvement of design and engineering professionals to make a successful system in compliance with municipal codes, which is very expensive. For example a comprehensive structural analysis including details about best spots for
heavy plantings, costs a few thousands dollars (Brooks). Moreover, if you want to make a profit and want your farm to become viable business, you need at least a few thousand
square foot roof or a couple of roofs (Burros). However, after I made research, it is clear that New York State is interested in the promotion of these kinds of projects. New York
City offers property tax reduction programs, such as exemptions and abatements. The bill allows building owners who install green roofs on at least 50% at their available roof space to apply for a one-year property tax credit up to 100,000 dollars. That is roughly 25% of what it costs to install a green roof (Hyman). Additionally, having rooftop farm lowers energy costs, decreases runoff water, and reduces respiratory problems. A typical building with a garden on its roof can save around 20% on air conditioner costs (Ettlinger). (Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2. Energy Consumption of Model DDC Building (DDC Cool and Green Roofing Manual)
U.S. Department of Energy offers federal tax credits of up to $1,8 per sq/ft for green buildings project (Powering the New Economy). Cincinnati went even further than New York and started to offer grants for green roofs to encourage people to begin roof gardens ("CBSNEWS"). As we can see, there are many financial factors, which strongly support the idea of green roofs.
One more reason for supporting green roofs is our health. Urban rooftop farming provides fresh, good quality vegetables, and fruits directly from every harvest. Additionally, we cut fuel consumption and carbon emissions by using fewer delivery trucks. Having gardens forces people to exercise while taking care of the gardens. Also it lets people stay outside with nature, which makes them more physically, mentally, and emotionally healthier. There is a 6 thousand square food rooftop farm in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. It is located in my neighborhood, so I decided to visit this place and find out about this unique experiment by personal interview with the owner. I attended workshop “Urban Gardening” led by farmer, and owner of rooftop farm Annie Novak. She told about the idea of green roof and its goal. A. Novak said: “Eagle Street Rooftop Farm as a model for a urban farming movement and the utilization of green roofs in a unique manner, operates a small community supported agriculture (CSA) program, and an onsite farm market…”. Rooftop farm cooperates with “Growing Chefs”, which is an educational program about connection between people and food, from the soil to the kitchen. That is why rooftop farm offers a range of educational and volunteer programs, which give people not only a good example how to use every available space to grow vegetables but also teach people how to maintain it in the most effective way. I spoke with people from my neighborhood about what they think about the farm. They told me they are very pleased to have this kind of initiative in their neighborhood. Many of them go to volunteer there while harvesting time (" Rooftop Farms in Greenpoint, Brooklyn "), (Pic. 1, 2) .However, there is one disadvantage, which can discourage investors to install gardens on the roofs. The owner of a rooftop garden, Annie Novak, told me that insurance companies refuse to insure buildings with green roofs. They affirm that rooftop
gardens threaten buildings’ construction, so they do not want to take financial responsibility for this. Roofs with gardens pass safety inspections by building’s engineers so after that they provide us with instructions how much weight that particular roof can support. Eagle Rooftop Farm can support no more than 25 people. I think insurance companies try to avoid additional expenses, or they are not familiar with this problem.
Based on all the above mentioned points, we can see that rooftop farming provides benefits to wide aspect our everyday life. It creates new opportunity to expand green areas in cities with additional benefits such as fresh locally grown food and energy
savings. Because all of these benefits, I strongly support all pending and future roof projects. I do completely agree with Ken Belson’s statement: “The project, urban farming advocates say, is just the start of something larger” (Table 3).
Table 3:Green Roof Examples in NYC. (DDC Cool and Green Roofing Manual)
recent projects in nyc
Calvary Hospital, Bronx (2002) Intensive
Solaire Residential Building, Manhattan (2003) Intensive (5,000 SF)
Extensive (4,800 SF)
Silvercup Studios, Queens (2003) Extensive (35,000 SF)
Nassau Brewery Ice House Renovation, Brooklyn (2003) Extensive & Intensive
Reingold Gardens Senior Housing, Brooklyn (2004) Extensive (3,000 SF)
Chelsea Residence Supportive Housing, Manhattan (2004) Intensive (5,000 SF)
Calhoun School, Manhattan (2005) Intensive (2,500 SF)
St. George Ferry Terminal, Staten Island (2005) Semi-Intensive (18,000 SF)
Simon Stock School, Bronx (2005) Extensive (3,500 SF)
Tribeca Green, Manhattan (2005) Extensive (11,300 SF)
Bronx County Courthouse, Bronx (2006) Extensive (10,000 SF)
Gratz Industries, Queens (2007) Extensive (8,500 SF)
Queens Botanical Garden, Queens (DDC Project) (2007) Extensive (8,000 SF)
projects in progress in nyc
Kingsbridge Branch Library, Bronx (DDC Project) Extensive (4,500 SF)
Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center, Brooklyn Extensive (8,000 SF)
Mosholu Golf Course Clubhouse, Bronx Extensive (9,000 SF)
Pic. 1 People are volunteering on Eagle Rooftop Farm.
Pic. 2 Eagle Rooftop Farm.
Monday, May 31, 2010
Research paper- new experience.
I had an experience with research paper in my country, but I have never done it in foreign country and language. At the beginning I couldn't find any interesting information about rooftop farms because the only source which I used was Google. After I found out about how to use Cuny Online Library System, I found many interesting articles and books about my topic. During doing research paper I have learned how to use Google Books and Amazon Books. I have learned about how to quote in my paper and how to cite my sources. I think it was really exciting experience for me. It was a huge challenge. When I was collecting necessary materials, I went to interview the owner of the rooftop farm, which was also an amazon experience for me. I have learned a lot not only about farming on the roofs, but after 1hour workshop, I bought tomato plant for my apartment, which is growing right now like crazy. So I'm considering myself very lucky getting Prof. McCormick as a teacher, because I have learned not only how to write essay and do research paper, but I have learned new exciting things, which I think are going benefit in my entire life. Thank You Prof. McCormick.
Saturday, May 1, 2010
"Super Size Me"
The movie "Super size me" shows us an evil face of the food corporations through how their actions affect on our everyday life and health. Although people always has a choice and nobody forces them to make irresponsible decisions about their everyday diet. In my opinion movie didn't really show view from the customer's side. Why do we eat McDonald's? To be able to run good and profitable business you have to follow motto: sell people what they want and demand, and not as you think they would like to. McDonald's is a good example to prove it. As one of the respondents in this movie told us: McDonald's works totally different in Europe because of the different customer's expectations. In Europe, McDonald's looks more like restaurant than fast food place. In Poland, food is very expensive, so people who eat outside has high expectations about quality of food and place, where they eat. Beside food culture in Poland is different than in America. Eating in restaurant is not as common custom in Poland as in America. People go to restaurant once in a while, and they spend a nice time while eating and talking. Most of people cook at home because they grew up on home-made food. It is our national food culture. Big fast food corporations such as McDonald's know people's food custom, and they adopted it. They don't have so much impact on people's eating habit. In America we have opposite situation. The fast food nation, which is under the control of fast food corporations, is more likely to change their eating behavior. They grew up in this unhealthy food environment, and it is going to be very hard to change this. Superlock, in his movie is out to prove the physical and mental effects of consuming fast food. Many American admit they have problem with a bad eating habit, but still they are too weak, and I would even say too lazy to change this. The only way to win with the big corporations such as McDonald's is to start changing our eating behavior from the early childhood, and not when we already have a habit of eating harmful food.
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
"Roof farms"
Topic of my research paper is "Roof farms - food, politics aspect and me." For my project I've looked at a few sources: The New York Times wrote about spreading the idea of roof gardening around the country. And here I found some political aspects directly from our president Obama and some local. There is also very substantial, environmental aspect of green roofs. Here I present almost personal benefits from my neighborhood where I live and go to the restaurant very often:
Saturday, March 20, 2010
How to improve the food and food education at a school.
Dear Principal,
I am the parent of one of your 5th grade students, and I am writing to you out of concern for the promotion of healthy food in our school. Nowadays, there is wide access to fast food and more and more children are developing obesity. School is one of the places, where our kids spend most of their time, so they are doomed to it this food. This is why I do strongly support the idea of introduction of healthy food into our school and promoting healthy behavior.
I would like to suggest some ideas of how to improve the food and food education at the school. To begin with, I would remove all vending machines from the school with sugar-sweetened beverages and other unhealthy stuff. Then I would start to sell fresh snacks and water. I can imagine it is going to be very hard accepting these changes but I know it can be done step by step. In this way we are going to adjust our kids' way of thinking about their health.
Secondly, I will introduce some classes, which help to teach young people how their bodies work and why appropriate eating habits are so important. We can hear about the consequences of smoking or drinking alcohol on TV, but nobody talks about the effects of eating harmful food. Especially here in America where there is no food culture we are supposed to be very careful of what we eat.
Another important aspect of how to improve the food and food education in our school is creating a garden, where students can cultivate respect for hard work and real food. They can learn how to grow vegetables in a small environments, so they can use that skill in their own place in the future. Also we can promote physical activity through working outside. Additionally, we can take advantage of local agribusiness and sell these products in the school coffee shop.
I would also provide a cooking class, so the students can get experience with making healthy organic food. After this class they will be able to make a conscious decision about what kind of food they will buy.
So based on all the above mentioned points, I would like to underline once again, that our children's health should be the most important thing in our everyday lives. So I truly believe that my ideas would bring you a fresh point of view on such a valuable issue. Proper education of our kids will give us a new and better generation of people with the right food culture and knowledge, which can improve quality of life.
If I can be of any assistance with this serious educational subject please let me know. You can contact me at (lucylew.blogspot.com)
Sincerely
A parent
Lucyna
I am the parent of one of your 5th grade students, and I am writing to you out of concern for the promotion of healthy food in our school. Nowadays, there is wide access to fast food and more and more children are developing obesity. School is one of the places, where our kids spend most of their time, so they are doomed to it this food. This is why I do strongly support the idea of introduction of healthy food into our school and promoting healthy behavior.
I would like to suggest some ideas of how to improve the food and food education at the school. To begin with, I would remove all vending machines from the school with sugar-sweetened beverages and other unhealthy stuff. Then I would start to sell fresh snacks and water. I can imagine it is going to be very hard accepting these changes but I know it can be done step by step. In this way we are going to adjust our kids' way of thinking about their health.
Secondly, I will introduce some classes, which help to teach young people how their bodies work and why appropriate eating habits are so important. We can hear about the consequences of smoking or drinking alcohol on TV, but nobody talks about the effects of eating harmful food. Especially here in America where there is no food culture we are supposed to be very careful of what we eat.
Another important aspect of how to improve the food and food education in our school is creating a garden, where students can cultivate respect for hard work and real food. They can learn how to grow vegetables in a small environments, so they can use that skill in their own place in the future. Also we can promote physical activity through working outside. Additionally, we can take advantage of local agribusiness and sell these products in the school coffee shop.
I would also provide a cooking class, so the students can get experience with making healthy organic food. After this class they will be able to make a conscious decision about what kind of food they will buy.
So based on all the above mentioned points, I would like to underline once again, that our children's health should be the most important thing in our everyday lives. So I truly believe that my ideas would bring you a fresh point of view on such a valuable issue. Proper education of our kids will give us a new and better generation of people with the right food culture and knowledge, which can improve quality of life.
If I can be of any assistance with this serious educational subject please let me know. You can contact me at (lucylew.blogspot.com)
Sincerely
A parent
Lucyna
Monday, March 15, 2010
Blueberry Dumplings Recipe
Hi. My name is Lucyna "dumplings" and I'd like to share one of my best polish dish recipe with you.
Here is a recipe:
Ingredients:
1 1/2cups all purpose flour
1/2 tablespoon butter
pinch salt
1/3 cup hot boiling water
2 1/2 cups fresh blueberry
sugar and fresh cream for serving
Directions:
Pour flour, butter, salt and hot water into a bowl
and form dough. Take 1/2 of dough, roll out and cut
into 2 inch circles. Fill up with fresh blueberries and seal
tightly by forming half a circles.
Drop dumplings into hot boiling water and cook for 10min.
Serve warm with fresh cream and sugar.
Enjoy your dumplings.
Here is a recipe:
Ingredients:
1 1/2cups all purpose flour
1/2 tablespoon butter
pinch salt
1/3 cup hot boiling water
2 1/2 cups fresh blueberry
sugar and fresh cream for serving
Directions:
Pour flour, butter, salt and hot water into a bowl
and form dough. Take 1/2 of dough, roll out and cut
into 2 inch circles. Fill up with fresh blueberries and seal
tightly by forming half a circles.
Drop dumplings into hot boiling water and cook for 10min.
Serve warm with fresh cream and sugar.
Enjoy your dumplings.
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